جمال خاشقجي
خلال فترة الرئيس أوباما كانت الإدارة الأمريكية غير مطمئنة للإخوان المسلمين الذين جاءوا إلى السلطة في مصر بعد أول انتخابات حرة تشهدها البلاد في تاريخها. ورغم دعمه المعلن للديمقراطية والتغيير في العالم العربي فيما بعد الربيع العربي، لم يتخذ الرئيس باراك أوباما آنذاك موقفاً قوياً لرفض الانقلاب ضد الرئيس محمد مرسي. وكما نعلم، أدى الانقلاب إلى عودة العسكر إلى السلطة في أكبر بلد عربي – وجلبوا معهم الطغيان والقمع والفساد وسوء الإدارة.
تلك هي الخلاصة التي يصل إليها دافيد دي كيركباتريك في كتابه الممتاز “في أيدي الجنود”، والذي صدر هذا الشهر. يقدم كيركباتريك، الذي كان يشغل منصب مدير مكتب صحيفة نيويورك تايمز في القاهرة، عرضاً محزناً للانقلاب العسكري في مصر في عام 2013 والذي أدى إلى تبديد فرصة تاريخية لإصلاح العالم العربي بأسره والسماح بتغيير تاريخي لربما حرر المنطقة كلها من ألف سنة من الطغيان.
إن نفور الولايات المتحدة من الإخوان المسلمين، وهو أوضح في الإدارة الحالية للرئيس ترامب، هو لب المشكلة وسبب المأزق الذي يعيشه العالم العربي بأسره. وذلك أن القضاء على الإخوان المسلمين بمثابة إبطال للديمقراطية وضمانة بأن العرب سيستمرون في العيش تحت أنظمة سلطوية فاسدة.
وبالمقابل، يعني ذلك استمرار الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى الثورة والتطرف وتدفق اللاجئين – وكلها تؤثر على الأمن في أوروبا وفي بقية العالم. لقد غير الإرهاب وأزمة اللاجئين المزاج السياسي في الغرب وعزز من مكانة اليمين المتطرف هناك.
لا يمكن للإصلاح السياسي ولا للديمقراطية أن يتحققا في أي بلد عربي دون القبول بحقيقة أن الإسلام السياسي جزء لا يتجزأ منه. فقطاع مهم من المواطنين في أي بلد عربي سيعطون أصواتهم لأحزاب الإسلام السياسي إذا ما سمح لأي شكل من أشكال الديمقراطية بالتواجد. ويبدو جلياً أن السبيل الوحيد لمنع الإسلام السياسي من لعب دور في السياسة العربية يتمثل في إلغاء الديمقراطية، الأمر الذي سيحرم المواطنين من حقهم الأساسي في اختيار ممثليهم السياسيين.
يشرح شفيق الغبرا، أستاذ العلوم السياسية في جامعة الكويت، المشكلة على النحو التالي: “إن الحرب التي تشنها الأنظمة العربية على الإخوان المسلمين لا تستهدف الحركة وحدها، وإنما تستهدف أولئك الذين يمارسون السياسة، وأولئك الذين يطالبون بالحرية والمحاسبة، وكل من يتمتعون بقاعدة شعبية في المجتمع.” وبنظرة سريعة إلى الانحطاط السياسي الذي حصل في مصر منذ عودة العسكر إلى السلطة يمكن للمرء أن يتحقق من صحة ما ذهب إليه الغبرا. لقد قمع نظام الرئيس عبد الفتاح السيسي الإسلاميين واعتقل ما يقرب من ستين ألفاً منهم. وها هو الآن يمد ذراعه الباطشة لتنال من الشخصيات العلمانية والعسكرية، وحتى أولئك الذين دعموا انقلابه. لقد ماتت الحياة السياسية تماماً في مصر اليوم.
إن من الخطأ الإسهاب في الحديث عن الإسلام السياسي وعن التيار المحافظ وعن قضايا الهوية حينما يكون الخيار بين أن يكون المجتمع حراً متسامحاً مع كافة الآراء ووجهات النظر وبين أن يُحكم بنظام مستبد ظالم، وخمسة أعوام من حكم السيسي في مصر توضح هذه النقطة بجلاء تام.
تبذل جهود هنا في واشنطن، بتشجيع من بعض الدول العربية التي لا تدعم الحرية والديمقراطية، لإقناع الكونغرس بتصنيف جماعة الإخوان المسلمين منظمة إرهابية. فيما لو حصل ذلك، فإن التصنيف سيضعف الخطوات الهشة باتجاه الديمقراطية والإصلاح السياسي التي تعرضت للكبت والتقييد في العالم العربي. كما سينجم عن ذلك دفع البلدان العربية التي حققت تقدماً في إيجاد بيئة متسامحة وفتحت باب المشاركة السياسية أمام مختلف مكونات المجتمع، بما في ذلك الإسلاميين، إلى التراجع إلى الوراء.
يشارك الإسلاميون اليوم في برلمانات عدد من البلدان العربية مثل الكويت والأردن والبحرين وتونس والمغرب، الأمر الذي أدى إلى نشوء الديمقراطية الإسلامية، مثل حركة النهضة في تونس، وكذلك إلى نضج عملية التحول الديمقراطي في غير ذلك من البلدان.
لقد أدى انقلاب مصر إلى فقدان فرصة ثمينة كانت متاحة أمام مصر وأمام العالم العربي بأسره. فلو أن العملية الديمقراطية استمرت لتم إنضاج الممارسات السياسية لجماعة الإخوان المسلمين ولصارت أكثر انفتاحاً وإقبالاً على غيرها، ولأصبح التداول السلمي على السلطة واقعاً وسابقة تحتذى.
لا تكف إدارة ترامب عن القول إنها تريد إصلاح أخطاء أوباما. لو صح ذلك، لكان يتوجب عليها أن تضيف إلى قائمة هذه الأخطاء سوء التعامل مع الديمقراطية العربية. لقد أخطأ أوباما حينما ضيع فرصة ثمينة كانت كفيلة بتغيير مجرى التاريخ في العالم العربي وأخطأ حينما خضع للضغوط التي توالت عليه من المملكة العربية السعودية ومن دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وكذلك من بعض أعضاء إدارته. كل هؤلاء فاتهم رؤية الصورة كاملة واستولت عليهم مشاعر الكراهية وعدم التسامح تجاه أي شكل من أشكال الإسلام السياسي. إنها الكراهية التي حطمت اختيار العرب للديمقراطية وللحكم الرشيد.
عربي 21 – نقلا عن “ذي واشنطن بوست” (The Washington Post)
https://over-the-counter-drug.com/# omeprazole over the counter
https://zithromax.science/# buy zithromax canada
https://stromectol.science/# ivermectin stromectol
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. п»їMedicament prescribing information.
stromectol nz
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Read here.
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. earch our drug database.
https://stromectolst.com/# cost of ivermectin medicine
Medicament prescribing information. Get warning information here.
Read now. Long-Term Effects.
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin 18mg
Read here. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
Commonly Used Drugs Charts. Some trends of drugs.
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin 3 mg tablet dosage
Drug information. п»їMedicament prescribing information.
safe and effective drugs are available. Drug information.
ivermectin 1 topical cream
Top 100 Searched Drugs. Get information now.
safe and effective drugs are available. Generic Name.
ivermectin price uk
Drug information. Get here.
Get warning information here. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
cost of ivermectin lotion
Everything about medicine. Everything about medicine.
Some trends of drugs. Top 100 Searched Drugs.
stromectol for humans
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information.
safe and effective drugs are available. Drugs information sheet.
stromectol online canada
Read here. Get warning information here.
п»їMedicament prescribing information. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.
https://stromectolst.com/# generic ivermectin for humans
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Some trends of drugs.
Drug information. Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information.
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin ebay
Medscape Drugs & Diseases. Drugs information sheet.
Get information now. Read here.
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin usa
Generic Name. Generic Name.
Actual trends of drug. Commonly Used Drugs Charts.
stromectol ireland
safe and effective drugs are available. Read now.
earch our drug database. Some trends of drugs.
ivermectin pills human
Read now. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Drugs information sheet. What side effects can this medication cause?
ivermectin 2ml
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. Read here.
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Everything what you want to know about pills.
https://stromectolst.com/# stromectol tab price
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Everything about medicine.
All trends of medicament. Medicament prescribing information.
https://stromectolst.com/# stromectol price in india
All trends of medicament. Cautions.
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Medscape Drugs & Diseases.
can you buy levaquin online
Get here. All trends of medicament.
drug information and news for professionals and consumers. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.
cost of brand name lisinopril
earch our drug database. Long-Term Effects.
drug information and news for professionals and consumers. Get warning information here.
where to buy cheap nexium online
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. All trends of medicament.
What side effects can this medication cause? drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
can i get cheap nexium without a prescription
Everything information about medication. Drug information.
Drug information. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
https://lisinopril.science/# zestril 10
Read here. earch our drug database.
Best and news about drug. Read information now.
can i purchase mobic
Actual trends of drug. Best and news about drug.
Drugs information sheet. Long-Term Effects.
can you buy mobic without dr prescription
Some trends of drugs. Everything about medicine.
safe and effective drugs are available. All trends of medicament.
order lisinopril from mexico
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
Commonly Used Drugs Charts. Medscape Drugs & Diseases.
get generic levaquin without a prescription
Everything information about medication. earch our drug database.
п»їMedicament prescribing information. Actual trends of drug.
get generic mobic without dr prescription
All trends of medicament. Drugs information sheet.
safe and effective drugs are available. п»їMedicament prescribing information.
where to buy lisinopril without prescription
safe and effective drugs are available. Everything what you want to know about pills.
Generic Name. Drugs information sheet. https://avodart.science/# where to buy avodart without dr prescription
Drug information. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information.
can i get generic levaquin pill
Long-Term Effects. Actual trends of drug.
All trends of medicament. safe and effective drugs are available.
buy zithromax online
What side effects can this medication cause? Everything information about medication.
Read now. Read now. amoxicillin without a doctors prescription
Read information now. earch our drug database.
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Get information now. https://amoxicillins.com/ amoxicillin 30 capsules price
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. What side effects can this medication cause?
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Long-Term Effects.
zithromax prescription online
Cautions. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Everything information about medication. Some trends of drugs.
https://clomiphenes.com get clomid without rx
Get information now. Get warning information here.
Some trends of drugs. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
https://finasteridest.online cost cheap propecia for sale
Read information now. Actual trends of drug.
Drug information. Top 100 Searched Drugs. where can i get amoxicillin 500 mg
earch our drug database. safe and effective drugs are available.
Get information now. safe and effective drugs are available.
https://clomiphenes.com buy clomid without rx
Drug information. Long-Term Effects.
Drugs information sheet. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.
can i order cheap propecia no prescription
Medscape Drugs & Diseases. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
What side effects can this medication cause? Generic Name. how to buy amoxicillin online
Read information now. safe and effective drugs are available.
Read information now. earch our drug database.
order cheap clomid pills
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Get here.
Get information now. Get information now.
where buy generic propecia pill
Drug information. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
Cautions. All trends of medicament.
cost of generic clomid no prescription
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. All trends of medicament.
Everything what you want to know about pills. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. amoxicillin generic brand
Everything information about medication. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
All trends of medicament. Cautions.
where to buy generic clomid pill
п»їMedicament prescribing information. Long-Term Effects.
Read information now. Drugs information sheet.
generic zithromax 500mg india
Read here. Read now.
Get here. Everything information about medication.
how to buy cheap propecia price
safe and effective drugs are available. Medscape Drugs & Diseases.
What side effects can this medication cause? Generic Name.
pills for ed
Drugs information sheet. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Top 100 Searched Drugs.
ed drugs list
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Generic Name.
Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
ed medications online
Commonly Used Drugs Charts. Get information now.
Read information now. Everything about medicine.
mens ed pills
Everything what you want to know about pills. Get here.
What side effects can this medication cause? Best and news about drug.
best treatment for ed
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. п»їMedicament prescribing information.
Everything about medicine. Get information now.
how to get generic propecia prices
Cautions. Read now.
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Cautions.
ed pills comparison
Read now. Some trends of drugs.
Read information now. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
ed pills for sale
Commonly Used Drugs Charts. п»їMedicament prescribing information.
Everything about medicine. Get here.
https://edonlinefast.com buy ed pills
Actual trends of drug. Cautions.
Everything about medicine. Get warning information here.
adderall canadian pharmacy
What side effects can this medication cause? Everything what you want to know about pills.
Read here. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
canadian drugstore online
safe and effective drugs are available. Get information now.
Some trends of drugs. Everything what you want to know about pills.
https://canadianfast.online/# prescription drugs without doctor approval
Everything about medicine. Read information now.
What side effects can this medication cause? Everything what you want to know about pills.
canada pharmacy 24h
All trends of medicament. Everything what you want to know about pills.
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. Read now.
https://canadianfast.com/# ed meds online without prescription or membership
Actual trends of drug. Drugs information sheet.
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. All trends of medicament.
prescription drugs without prior prescription
Actual trends of drug. Everything information about medication.
Read now. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
https://canadianfast.com/# legal to buy prescription drugs from canada
Read information now. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Some trends of drugs. п»їMedicament prescribing information.
non prescription erection pills
Read information now. All trends of medicament.
All trends of medicament. Drugs information sheet.
online canadian drugstore
Read information now. Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information.
safe and effective drugs are available. Some trends of drugs.
online canadian drugstore
Actual trends of drug. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Get information now. All trends of medicament.
https://canadianfast.online/# prescription drugs without doctor approval
Everything about medicine. Read here.
п»їMedicament prescribing information. Read here.
https://canadianfast.com/# canadian pharmacy online
safe and effective drugs are available. Get warning information here.
Everything about medicine. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.
canadian pharmacy no scripts
All trends of medicament. Read information now.
Some trends of drugs. Top 100 Searched Drugs.
https://canadianfast.online/# canadian drug prices
Get warning information here. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.
All trends of medicament. Everything what you want to know about pills.
canadian drugstore online
Some trends of drugs. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. All trends of medicament.
cheap rx sildenafil
Everything information about medication. Get information now.
Get here. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
pay for shipping only free viagra
safe and effective drugs are available. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Read now. Medscape Drugs & Diseases.
https://viagrapillsild.online/# viagra michigan cheap
Get warning information here. safe and effective drugs are available.
Actual trends of drug. Long-Term Effects.
paypal viagra uk
Long-Term Effects. safe and effective drugs are available.
What side effects can this medication cause? Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information.
sildenafil 100mg price usa
Get here. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe. Read now.
https://viagrapillsild.online/# buy sildenafil pills online
earch our drug database. earch our drug database.
Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. Top 100 Searched Drugs.
sell of cialis
Actual trends of drug. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
Everything information about medication. Commonly Used Drugs Charts.
https://tadalafil1st.com/# can you buy cialis with no prescription
Get here. safe and effective drugs are available.
Get here. Long-Term Effects.
cialis australia no prescription
Generic Name. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
Read now. Read now.
cheap tadalafil tablets
Cautions. What side effects can this medication cause?
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. Medscape Drugs & Diseases.
https://tadalafil1st.online/# cheap cialis dapoxitine cheap online
Best and news about drug. Long-Term Effects.
Actual trends of drug. Everything what you want to know about pills.
where to get cialis cheap
earch our drug database. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics.
Drugs information sheet. Drug information.
cheap generic tadalafil 5mg
п»їMedicament prescribing information. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.
Read here. Drug information.
https://tadalafil1st.com/# tadalafil online australia
Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions. Everything about medicine.
Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. Drugs information sheet.
tadalafil capsules 21 mg
Best and news about drug. Get information now.
п»їMedicament prescribing information. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
lowest price tadalafil
Read now. Drugs information sheet.
Read information now. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
buy tadalafil uk
п»їMedicament prescribing information. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
Medscape Drugs & Diseases. All trends of medicament.
can you buy generic clomid for sale
Read information now. Everything about medicine.
Get here. Long-Term Effects.
can i purchase clomid price
Generic Name. Read now.
earch our drug database. Top 100 Searched Drugs.
zithromax for sale cheap
Drug information. Medscape Drugs & Diseases.
canada drugs online